Adsorption of Ammonium Ions and Phosphates on Natural and Modified Clinoptilolite: Isotherm and Breakthrough Curve Measurements

The research focuses on ammonia and phosphate removal from wastewater by using a novel metal microwave-treated clinoptilolite. For increasing adsorption capacity, the samples were calcinated or microwave irradiated in solutions of Fe(III), Cu (II), Ca(II) chlorides. BET-specific surface area measurement revealed that calcination led to decrease 18.254 11.658 m2/g. results fitted theoretical models. PO43− all as well NH4+ natural Fe- Ca-modified is best described Langmuir–Freundlich model, but Cu-modified clinoptilolite sorption better characterized Freundlich model. modified Fe-modified showed highest capacity 4.375 2.879 mg/g. demonstrated lowest 0.875 mg NH4+/g. metal-modified exhibit significantly higher (from 800.62 for Cu-sample 813.14 mg/g sample) than (280.86 mg/g) (713.568 mg/g). Experimental studies dynamic conditions high sufficient ions captured This study provides feasible approach synchronous main eutrophication agents implementation additional (tertiary) treatment facilities.